Pollution Induced-stress on Biodiversity and Restoration Strategy for India’s Heavily Contaminated Bharalu River

The Bharalu River, a tributary of the Brahmaputra originating in the Khasi Hills, has transformed into one of India's most polluted rivers due to indiscriminate waste disposal. Serving as the natural drainage for Guwahati city, it carries sewage and waste from various sources, including markets, hotels, restaurants, and households. The river's biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) far exceeds permissible limits, resulting in an obnoxious stench and posing a health hazard. Once a source of potable water and abundant aquatic life, Bharalu's severe pollution now threatens a catastrophic disaster. This paper investigates the river's floral and faunal biodiversity and its pollution status, aiming to outline a framework for its restoration. The study highlights the urgent need for rehabilitation measures to save this urban river from environmental degradation and public health risks.