Production of Biofuel Using a Customized Semi-Batch Reactor

Researchers are looking for more sustainable energy sources as a result of the rapid depletion of crude oil wells, the rise in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, the issues associated with energy security, etc. Energy insecurity and other problems around the world have been determined to be best addressed by renewable energy sources (RES). The benefits of renewable energy have not been seen in Africa because of the continent's weak sustainable energy policies (though it has the necessary resources). Building a suitable pyrolysis reactor is a difficulty for many due to the challenges faced by renewable energy technologies (RETs) in Africa, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Pyrolysis is an important method for the generation of biofuel. The objective of the study is to design (using SOLIDWORKS software) and construct a semi-batch reactor, taking into consideration its process’ kinetics, temperature range (up to 1000 C), and feedstock (quality and quantity). Following its development, the system was utilised to produce bio-oil from cashew nut shell and polystyrene mixed with cashew nut shell. The feedstocks produced pyrolysis liquids with 61.3% and 64.58% yields, respectively. This reactor was intended for laboratory use, however it can be scaled up for household use. Keywords: Energy policies, Renewable energy, Biofuel, Pyrolysis, batch reactor, chemical kinetics, and RETs.