Integration Strategy to Control and Prevent Diarrheal Disease among Children in the Community: A Systematic Review

Background: Diarrheal disease is a childhood disease serve as global health threat to the population of young children. Based on World Health Organization [1], it was listed as fourth highest recorded cases which as estimation of 1 out of 9 child deaths worldwide. It has a mortality rate of “525,000” every year (WHO, 2017. These mortality statistical data are associated with 88% of child deaths. One of the leading viruses that manifests diarrhea is the rotavirus which in return accounts for 40% of hospitalization of cases.

Purpose: The study aims to enlighten people about various preventive measures to manage diarrheal diseases. Diarrhea is a significant global health threat that particularly affects children. The goal of this study is therefore to summarize scientific evidence on the different prevention and control of diarrheal diseases.

Methods: This systematic review aims to examine the effectiveness of preventive measures and the process of control strategies for diarrheal disease through synthesizing epidemiological and clinical investigations that include cohort studies, cross-sectional studies, and qualitative research. This review seeks to provide a comprehensive understanding of various interventions, such as oral hydration and zinc therapy, handwashing facilities, sanitation, hand hygiene, wash, water filters, and other relevant methods.

Results: On the twenty (20) related literature in this review, a total of “50,765” samples, 19837 records, 15 studies, and 10 articles consisting of 2841 who considered oral rehydration solutions and zinc, 826 samples considered handwash, 46423 samples considered Sanitation, hygiene and Water, and the rest considered Water filters in Prevention and Control of Diarrheal Diseases. Reported methods or procedures included oral hydration and zinc therapy, handwashing facility (EHF), sanitation, hand hygiene, wash, water filters.

Conclusion: The systematic and integrative review conducted on diarrheal diseases has provided valuable insights into the risk factors and various prevention and control measures associated with this widespread health issue. The analysis has identified several aggravating factors that contribute to the increasing incidence of diarrheal diseases, including rainwater, age, type of drinking water, distance from water purification plants, and toilet facility type. These factors highlight the need for targeted interventions to address specific vulnerabilities and improve overall public health.