Inhibitory Effects of Azadirachta indica (Neem) and Bryophyllum pinnatum (Oda Opue) Leaves Extracts on Staphylococcus aureus Isolated from Infected Wound Samples

Aim: to study the antimicrobial effects of different leaves extracts of Azadirachta indica and Bryophyllum pinnatum on Staphylococcus aureus isolated from infected wound.

Study Design: This study was done to determine inhibitory effects of extracts on S. aureus isolated from infected wounds.

Place and Duration of Study: General hospital Onitsha, Anambra State, Nigeria, January to March 2020.

Methodology: wound swabs were collected from 30 patients with infected wound. S. aureus were isolated and identified morphologically and biochemically. The leaves were collected, identified and grinded. Extraction of the leaves were done using soxhlet method with two solvents (ethanol and water). Phytochemical compositions were analyzed using standard methods. In vitro antimicrobial effect of extracts and their combination were evaluated.

Results: Phytochemical analysis of extracts showed presence of saponins, flavonoids, steroids, alkaloids, tannins, cardiac glycosides and phenols except B. pinnatum aqueous extract that showed presence of flavonoids, saponins and alkaloids. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and Minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. Among the extracts analysed, A. indica ethanol has highest zone of inhibition against S. aureus with 20.00±0.00 mm at 1000 mg/ml concentration. B. pinnatum ethanol 10.33±0.58 mm at 1000 mg/ml, A. indica aqueous extract 13.33±2.08 mm but B. pinnatum aqueous extract has no inhibitory effect. The combination of A. indica aqueous and B. pinnatum ethanol extracts, B. pinnatum and A. indica ethanol extracts and A. indica ethanol extract and B. pinnatum aqueous extracts have inhibitory effects on S. aureus except combination of A. indica aqueous and B. pinnatum aqueous which has no inhibitory effect. The result of MIC was 500 mg/ml and the MBC showed 1000 mg/ml.

Conclusion: The extracts of B. pinnatum and A. indica possess antimicrobial properties for S. aureus and the plants are available and are planted worldwide. There is also need for research on other plants with antimicrobial effects.